barbarism

n. 野蛮, 未开化

bar.ba.rism

n.（名词）
An act, trait, or custom characterized by ignorance or crudity.
愚昧：被认为是未开化的，鄙俗的行为、品质或习惯


The use of words, forms, or expressions considered incorrect or unacceptable.
不合语法：不正确的或不规则的词语、词形和表达法的运用
A specific word, form, or expression so used.
不合语法的表达：不正确或不规则使用的词语、词形或表达法

来源：
Latin barbarismus [use of a foreign tongue or of one`s own tongue amiss, barbarism]
拉丁语 barbarismus [外来语或错误粗俗语言的使用]
from Greek barbarismos
源自 希腊语 barbarismos
from barbarizein [to behave or speak like a barbarian]
源自 barbarizein [言谈举止象没文化的人]
from barbaros [non-Greek, foreign]
源自 barbaros [非希腊的，外国的]

There is a significant difference in meaning betweenbarbarism and barbarity. Both denote some absence of civilization,but the wordcivilization itself has several different senses, one the opposite ofbarbarism, the other the opposite of barbarity. On the one handcivilization may refer to the scientific, artistic, and cultural attainments of advanced societies; and it is this sense that figures in the meaning ofbarbarism. The English wordbarbarism originally referred to incorrect use of language, but it is now used more generally to refer to ignorance or crudity in matters of taste, including verbal expression:The New Yorker would never tolerate such barbarisms. On the other hand,civilization may refer to the basic social order that allows people to resolve their differences peaceably, and it is this sense—that is, civilization as opposed to savagery—that figures in the meaning ofbarbarity, which refers to savage brutality or cruelty in actions,as inThe accounts of the emperor`s barbarity shocked the world.
在barbarism 与 barbarity 之间意义有明显的区别。 虽然两者都包含不文明的意思，但civilization 一词本身有好几种意思， 一种与barbarism 相反，另一种与 barbarity 相反。 一方面civilization 可以指在发达社会中科学、艺术、文化方面取得的成就， 这层意义能在barbarism 中得到体现。 英语词barbarism 最先指语音不正确的使用， 现在却更多地用来指品味方面的无知与鄙俗，包括动词表示法，例如：这个 纽约人 从不会容忍这些低级趣味。 另一方面，civilization 还可以指允许人们和平地彼此同化的社会基本规则。 在这个意义上，.文明.作为.残暴.的反义词，在barbarity 中得以体现， 指残酷的暴行或行为方面的残忍，例如句子这个皇帝的暴行被报道之后震惊了全世界