perpendicular

vertical, perpendicular, upright, erect, plumb

这些形容词均有“垂直的、竖式的”之意。
vertical: 指与平面、水平线或基线成直角或几乎成直角向上延伸至顶点的物体。也可指呈直线上升或下降的。
perpendicular: 指与水平线形成90度的线或面，或朝垂直方面延伸的，尤指向下的急剧运动。
upright: 普通用词，指竖立、笔直而不是倾斜、倒塌的。
erect: 指笔直挺拔，而非倾斜、佝偻、弯曲或倒塌的。
plumb: 建筑上用词，凭锤球评判某物是否完全垂直。

名词 perpendicular:

1. a straight line at right angles to another line
2. a Gothic style in 14th and 15th century England; characterized by vertical lines and a four-centered (Tudor) arch and fan vaulting
   同义词：perpendicular style, English-Gothic, English-Gothic architecture
3. a cord from which a metal weight is suspended pointing directly to the earth's center of gravity; used to determine the vertical from a given point
   同义词：plumb line
4. an extremely steep face

形容词 perpendicular:

1. intersecting at or forming right angles
2. at right angles to the plane of the horizon or a base line
   同义词：vertical
3. extremely steep

1. He'd drunk so much that he found it hard to remain perpendicular.
   他喝酒太多，简直站都站不直了。
2. The wall is a little out of the perpendicular.
   那墙有点斜。
3. There are many perpendicular marble columns in Greek temples.
   希腊庙宇有很多垂直的大理石柱。