sanctions

n.

formal and explicit approval

同义词：countenanceendorsementindorsementwarrantimprimatur

a mechanism of social control for enforcing a society's standards

official permission or approval

同义词：authorityauthorizationauthorisation

the act of final authorization

"it had the sanction of the church"

Why Economic Sanctions Do Not Work
Economic Sanctions Reconsidered: 2nd Edition
Host sanctions and the legume–\nrhizobium mutualism
Host sanctions and the legume|[ndash]|rhizobium mutualism
Sanctions and mutualism stability: why do rhizobia fix nitrogen?
Detrimental effects of sanctions on human altruism.
Ethnic diversity, social sanctions, and public goods in Kenya
The Effect of Rewards and Sanctions in Provision of Public Goods
Industry Self-Regulation without Sanctions: The Chemical Industry's Responsible Care Program
The Effect of Unemployment Insurance Sanctions on the Transition Rate from Unemployment to Employment*